Interview

In this interview with Janina Gomes, we meet Fr. Frazer Mascarenhas SJ, a compassionate nurturer of young minds and hearts throughout his extensive tenure as an educator. His devotion to the Jesuit brotherhood serves as the cornerstone of his achievements.

1. Tell us something about your early life and formative years:

My family lived close to St. Xavier’s High School and so my early religious participation was at the School Chapel where I served as a regular altar-boy. My parents were devout Catholics and their faith was evident in the choices they made, especially that of my Dad seeking employment in England and later in Calcutta, in order to give me and my 4 brothers, a good standard of living and a good education, making the sacrifice of living alone away from us for some years. The 5 of us learnt good Catholic practices which laid a foundation for our adult faith.

2. As an alumnus of St. Xavier’s High School and St. Xavier’s College, the first seeds of your vocation must have been sown and nurtured in these institutions.

My vocation to be a priest and a Jesuit, took root in School and this got confirmed in College – the Jesuits we were dealing with provided the inspiration, because of the creative ways in which they helped us students to discover ourselves and grow.

3. What made you opt for a Ph.D. in Sociology and specialize in Development Studies?

The Jesuits asked me to consider teaching at St. Xavier’s as my mission and so I was keen on reaching a level of excellence in academics which the Doctorate symbolized. I worked at the Ph.D. while teaching at St. Xavier’s and my specialization in Development Studies was due my interest in the most vulnerable section of India’s population – the Adivasis, with whom the Jesuits work extensively.

4. Aside from teaching in St. Xavier’s College, you also were Principal for 12 years. What do you feel were your major contributions to the College?

In my student days, I had felt called, as a member of the Catholic Charismatic Renewal, to pray for the gift of discernment and I feel this gift served me in good stead when I was chosen to head the College in 2003. It was a time of transition, as the State Government had just framed the statutes of Autonomy for Colleges in 2001 and St. Xavier’s was experiencing stagnation due to the curriculum of the University of Mumbai. After a process of discernment with faculty and alumni, St. Xavier’s became the first Autonomous College under the University of Mumbai in 2010 and implemented its own syllabi and assessment system to make sure our students reached the higher order academic skills of critical thinking and creativity. This set the College apart and only after 3 years of watching St. Xavier’s thrive under Autonomy, did other colleges follow suit. I also tried to introduce the College to social responsibility and involvement in the critical debates of the time, which, of course, is always a risk.

5. In 2006, you served in the Working Group for Undergraduate Education of the National Knowledge Commission and in 2011, on the Steering Committee of the Planning Commission for Higher and Technical Education in the 12^th Tell us something about your experiences working in these bodies.

St. Xavier’s College had such a high reputation in India, that the Government felt the need to involve the Principal of St. Xavier’s in deliberations about the future of Higher Education. My experience with the National Knowledge Commission was extremely satisfying, as the Working Group held many in-depth discussions in Delhi and the recommendations that were made were quite revolutionary. Unfortunately, not much of that was actually implemented due to political changes. The Steering Committee for Higher Education in the 12^th Plan was not as stimulating, though some suggestions we made were accepted in the Report. Both these groups gave me the privilege of participating in directing higher education in India at the highest level.

6. Under your leadership, St. Xavier’s became the first Autonomous College of the University of Mumbai in 2010 and was declared by the UGC as a College of Excellence in 2015. How did you achieve these?

Autonomy was achieved with the participation of all stakeholders: Jesuit management, Faculty, Alumni and Government officials – it was recognized that the affiliation system could not continue if quality education had to be achieved. Our Faculty worked hard at constructing a good academic system for St. Xavier’s – through visits to Autonomous Colleges in Chennai and Bangalore, and to Universities abroad sponsored by the College and through hours of discussion and deliberation. The amount of creative effort that went into the making of our Autonomous systems was acknowledged by the UGC and St. Xavier’s was in the first batch of colleges to be given this award of Excellence.

7. For the last seven years you were the Manager of St. Stanislaus High School and St. Stanislaus International School. How do these schools compare with the many private schools mushrooming? You were also Parish priest of St. Peter’s Church. In what way did you make it a thriving, relevant and leading parish in Mumbai?

After my retirement from St. Xavier’s, I was given a promotion – to be the Manager of the Kindergarten, the Primary and Secondary School! With the then Principal, Ms. Anna Correa and her faculty, I worked to establish the St. Stanislaus Certificate Program – SSCP, which combines the activity-based critical-thinking pedagogy for academics, with the other aspects of Jesuit education: social consciousness, personal development and spiritual growth. We were assisted by Prof. Ms. Vivien Amonkar, who had led the development of our academic systems at St. Xavier’s College under Autonomy. Last year we were even able to add a component of Coding (through Python) for all our 7^thand 8^thstandard students.

We also began, in 2016, an International section at St. Stanislaus, with the Cambridge curriculum. Mr. Montwyn D’Costa, who started as Dean of Academics and has just taken over as Principal, brought experience in the radically different methodology of teaching-learning that the IGCSE needs and this has given St. Stanislaus International a head-start in quality. The Jesuit ethos continues to form our students for all-round human development with a value-based foundation.

As Parish Priest of St. Peter’s, I led the team of Jesuits and Lay People of the Parish Pastoral Council in strengthening the characteristics of a Jesuit Parish which include: Ignatian Spirituality, Solidarity with the Poor, Partnership with people of other faiths and building bridges with Young People. This took much effort, it sometimes brewed controversy but led to many good initiatives. The Free Dinner Programme for the last 6 years for about 80 people in the Bandra area, the inter-religious celebration of festivals including the Dandiya and the Eid Milan, the Ignatian discourses and guided Retreats in daily life and the enlivening of the Youth group in the Parish – all led to much activity. An addition was the Care for Creation group which has been in the forefront of building awareness about what parishioners can do for the ecology.

8. You were also part of a committee to prepare a Handbook for Minority Education in Maharashtra, which was released in August 2023. Was this a church initiative?

In order to solve a serious issue facing our School, through the initiative of a Parishioner, I was granted a meeting with the then Minister for School Education, who not only solved our problem with a mere phone call but also told me she would make me a part of the next education committee she formed (I had complained that no Catholic educationist was a part of any committee formed by her Government!)  I spent many hours on this Committee, travelling to Pune and working at a Handbook. This is a compilation of the rights of the Minorities and the Government Rules and Regulations that ensure them, keeping in mind the Constitutional guarantees and the rulings of the Judiciary. Having such a handbook is an advantage, as our Schools can quote from a Government issued Handbook itself, to claim their rights.

9. You did a lot for Stan Swamy in his last days. How did this accompaniment of Stan Swamy impact you?

I was privileged to accompany Fr. Stan for the month he was in Holy Family Hospital and beside the help I could afford him, the conversations we had and his peaceful demeanor impacted me deeply. Here was a man of commitment and courage and his words, “I am not a silent spectator,” have resounded throughout the world. Many others have also broken their silence!

10. You now do administrative work as the Province Development Director of the Jesuits. Tell us something about this.

I am now entrusted with Fund Raising for the Jesuits in the Bombay Province (across Maharashtra) – which means helping to develop good projects and applying for the Corporate Social Responsibility Funds of Companies. You, dear readers, can put me in contact with such CSR funding through companies you are associated with. The Jesuits do good human development among Dalits and Adivasis and other poor and the money will be put to good use! Contact me at pdobomsj@gmail.com

Fr. Frazer Mascarenhas SJ speaks

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Inspired by a priest who truly lived among and cared for his flock, Father Andrew Aranha wholeheartedly embraced his role as a dedicated pastor, focusing on nurturing the hearts of young individuals in his ministry. In an interview with Ms. Janina Gomes, he reflects on his journey of instilling a sense of pastoral commitment in the formation of those he guides.

1. Tell us something about your earlier years and your upbringing in the family.

I grew up in Chembur, a Mumbai suburb. My father was an engineer,working for Burmah Shell refineries (later Bharat Petroleum) and my mother was a schoolteacher. My four siblings and I had a happy childhood. We were fortunate to grow up in a beautiful residential colony with access to many facilities, including two clubs for sports,besides other leisure activities. We also had a wide circle of friends from different communities. At the same time our family rules were quite strict, especially regarding daily Mass and the rosary, and only rarely – and for very good reasons – were we excused from them. After my father retired in 1986 we relocated to Goregaon East. We always were a close-knit family, and still are, even after my parents passed away around five years ago.

2. How did you feel the call to become a priest and a diocesan one?

The “call” didn’t happen all at one moment, but was experienced in different ways, over many years. From an early age I felt drawn to religion, especially sacred music and the quiet, peace-filled ambience of empty chapels and churches. At school, religion-class was one of my favourites.I also loved reading Bible stories and watching biblical films. Nevertheless, some negative experiences with certain priests dissuaded me from thinking seriously about the priesthood. My interest revived after we moved to Goregaon and I joined our very vibrant and active parish youth group and choir. Serving our parish community through these groups brought me great joy and fulfillment. The call grew stronger after the arrival of a particular parish priest. Fr Philip Komaranchath, O.S.J. (Oblates of St Joseph). He was a pastor with the smell of the sheep, and endeared himself to all with his genuineness, simplicity, humour, and very pastoral nature. I wanted to be like him. Initially I had no plan to become a diocesan priest. In fact, I informed Fr Philip that I wished to join the Oblates,but he advised me to apply to the diocesan seminary, and that is what I did.

3. Tell us something about your formation years as a seminarian. Who were the people and what were the events that made an impact on you?

Seminary life in Goregaon during the 90swas less regimented than I expected.The dominant ethos was one of freedom with responsibility.Some professors had a strong “social justice” slant, though it was never imposed on us. The experiences that I cherish most were the initial Orientation year,which helped us to understand ourselves, overcome our blocks, and grow as persons; I also valued the moderator group system, which taught us about diversity, teamwork, and accountability. Many of our formators and professors were outstanding in their field: Fr Vincent Pereira (Psychology), Fr Jean Mercier (Philosophy), Fr Aniceto Nazareth (Music and Liturgy), Fr Albert Menezes, SJ (Scripture), and Fr John D’Mello (Sociology).

4. In your seminary formation, you had some pastoral appointments. How did these experiences help you in your priestly formation?

Pastoral formation was– and continues to be – one of the strengths of the Goregaon seminary. The well-structured program of weekend pastoral work exposed us to different parish ministries in a graded and systematic manner. Hence we were able to handle these important ministries with greater confidence when we stepped out as young priests.I particularly cherish the ‘Regency’year (the pastoral year between Philosophy and Theology studies,) when I was privileged to work in the Raigad district with Fr Fred Sopena, SJ, an outstanding Jesuit priest and missionary. His humanity, warmth, compassion, dedication,and humour made a huge impact on me. I learnt so much from him about ministry, about the priesthood, and about life itself.

5. Tell us something about your pastoral experience after your ordination.

I was ordained in the year 2000 and appointed as an Assistant to the parish of Our Lady of Lourdes, Kalyan West. I spent two very happy and fulfilling years there. My parish priest, Fr Franklyn Mathias, was a wonderful pastor – resourceful, creative, and a joy to work with. From him I learnt the value of teamwork, collaboration, empowerment, and reaching out to those on the peripheries. I also experienced first-hand a unique experiment: the close pastoral collaboration between the parish teams of Kalyan W, Dombivli, and Ambarnath. We jokingly christened ourselves “the Northern Alliance,” since we were among the northernmost parishes of the archdiocese.However, our objectives were totally pastoral: a sharing of resources and personnel to minister more effectively to the five parishes in the Dombivli-Badlapur belt. That blissful period ended for me in 2002 when I was transferred to the seminary as a teacher and formator.

6. You have a Licentiate in Sacred Scripture from the Pontifical Biblical Institute (PBI) in Rome where you were from 2005-09. How did those years of study help you as resident teacher and formator in St. Pius X seminary?

Licentiate studies at the PBI (or Biblicum)are demanding, especially the initial year, focusing on biblical Hebrew, and Greek. I found it doubly challenging, never having studied Hebrew, Greek, or even Latin in the seminary. For those who persevere, however, the rewards are great in terms of the exposure to expert biblical scholars, and the depth of biblical knowledge gained. A special experience was the semester of studies in the Holy Land. Our professors at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem were not just outstanding scholars but also wonderful human beings. That experience was a fantastic example of inter-religious collaboration. An added blessing was to live at the PBI community with the great Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini. We students learnt so much from him as a scholar and pastor. My studies at the Biblicum greatly enhanced my love for learning and teaching biblical languages, ancient history, and cultures. It has also influenced my own approach to teaching the Bible in terms of better understanding the difficulties of students, yet challenging them to expand their horizons,to work hard, and to develop a love for scripture.

7. You have been a seminary professor and formator for almost 20 years. What do you see as the main challenges in seminary formation?

Apart from the near universal crisis of dwindling vocations,the constant challenge is to accompany seminarians from diverse backgrounds who are at different levels of maturity – emotional, psychological, spiritual, and affective. Such formation is critical given that we are now living in the age of universal internet access, which demands a more critical outlook and higher levels of personal discipline, maturity, and spiritual strength. In the field of academics we struggle with the widespread lack of a culture of reading (let alone critical reading) and the tendency to look for “shortcuts”.A packed seminary schedule leaves little or no time for students to reflect on some major issues facing the church: questions about celibacy, sexuality, and gender; artificial intelligence …. It’s a challenge to equip seminarians to respond to these questions with credibility and pastoral sensitivity.

8. Tell us something about the St Pius X Institute of Theology(SPXIT), of which you are the Director. In what way will it contribute to theological formation of seminarians, Religious, and Laity in the archdiocese?

SPXIT was set up in June 2023 with responsibility for the academic formation at the archdiocesan seminary. We are affiliated to the Faculty of Theology, Jnana Deepa, in Pune. This step signifies the formal ecclesiastical recognition of our program of studies. The comprehensive five-year program, comprising two years of philosophy, followed by three years of theology, is designed as per the guidelines in the document Veritatis gaudium(2018). Students who successfully complete the course requirements are awarded a canonical baccalaureate degree in theology (S.T.B.) that is recognised by many universities and institutes of higher learning around the world. The Institute program ensures a high quality of philosophical and theological formation and provides our students with the necessary theological foundation for their pastoral ministry.

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Embark on a compelling exploration of faith and leadership as Cardinal Gracias shares profound insights in a candid conversation with Janina Gomes. Gain a deeper understanding of his trans-formative journey as a prominent figure steering the course of the Church in India.

1. Tell us something about your early years and how you felt called to the priesthood.

I come from a deeply Catholic family. Family prayer was important, our parents taught us Gospel values and love for the Church. Besides, I had three uncle priests in Goa, so the parish fathers would regularly come to visit my parents. Also, I was deeply impressed by the life of Msgr. George Fernandes, (now Servant of God) who was my parish priest and School Principal for many years. He was much esteemed and loved by all the people. He actively encouraged me to join the seminary.

2. As former President of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of India (CBCI) and the Conference of Catholic Bishops of India (CCBI)  what is the direction in which you led the church and what were your priorities?

Yes, I was very involved both in the CBCI and the CCBI, first as Secretary General of the CBCI where I had the responsibility of preparing new Statutes since St John Paul II had asked the Bishops of India to start a new Episcopal Conference for the Latin Rite bishops. Later, I was the CBCI Vice President for two years and then the President for eight years. My focus at that time was to strengthen the functioning and public relations of the CBCI: fostering good relations with the Government, with the other Christian Churches and with the Media. I had an efficient resident Deputy Secretary General and a united Staff, and we worked as a good team.

As for the CCBI (Latin Bishops’ Conference), I was the President for twelve years. Initially the CCBI had no clear self-identity, since the CBCI was already functioning effectively to the satisfaction of the bishops. The Bishops felt there was no need for another Episcopal Conference but there were some canonical problems so the Holy Father intervened. My specialization in Canon Law was a help. So I attempted to give the CCBI an identity with appropriate structures and to make it what the Vatican Council wanted Episcopal Conferences to be. There was now a new situation in India, we had the CBCI and the CCBI, two distinct episcopal bodies. It helped for coordination that I was for some time President of both – the CBCI and the CCBI simultaneously. I tried to ensure that there was no rivalry and competition as St. John Paul II had explicitly advised in his letter to the bishops of India. I am convinced that a strong CBCI is necessary for a strong CCBI and a strong CCBI is necessary for a strong CBCI. It would weaken the Indian Church very much if these two Bodies do not work in harmony. I am presently on a small task force appointed by the Council of Cardinals to study the nature of Episcopal Conferences and their future possibilities. Our Indian situation is truly unique. We have many challenges. This is still a work in progress.

3. As former President of the Federation of Asian Bishops Conferences (FABC) what issues were taken up at the Asian Level?

Asia is not homogeneous, and each country has its own special challenges. Being FABC President was a unique learning experience. I wanted the FABC to assist our smaller Churches. We did make a beginning! We also had the first ever FABC General Conference in Bangkok in October 2022. It was called FABC 50 because it was celebrated on the Golden Jubilee of the FABC foundation. It was a successful event and I think it could give a new thrust to the Church in Asia. I am sure it will help the synodal process and the synodal process will help the FABC. At the structural level I tried to ensure that the different Offices at the FABC collaborate with each other and have joint projects. This has still to be improved. Fr. Ray O’Toole was the Secretary General of the FABC for many years and worked much towards this. Plans were moving ahead for revitalization of all the offices, but he unexpectedly fell ill and never recovered.  The FABC now has a good identity, and its voice is heard at the universal Church level.

4. At the international level you are part of the 8 member Council of Cardinals, to assist Pope Francis, and help in the governance of the Catholic church. What changes in the church have you been part of at this decision-making level?

Our Council of Cardinals has been very active and meets with the Holy Father five times a year, with each meeting lasting three days. We discussed whatever the Holy Father wanted us to advise him about. He set the agenda. Specifically, we tried to see how the Roman Curia could be more at the service of the Holy Father and of the Bishops in the local Churches.  We discussed in great detail about the functioning of the Roman Congregations, now called Dicasteries, and hence our Council made a contribution to Praedicate Evangelium. We discussed many important topics for the Church: evangelization, appointment of Bishops, transparency in finances, the media, etc.

5. As a member of the Roman Rota and Member of the Congregation for Catholic Education, what have been your unique contributions to these bodies?

I discussed many canonical matters especially with the Dean of the Rota. We particularly studied how Tribunal procedures would be speedier and smoother. I am also a member of the Council for Legislative Texts and I look forward to seeing how we can bring Synodality into the Code of Canon law. I regret I was not able to contribute much to the Congregation for Catholic Education because I was on different Roman Bodies and the meetings of this Dicastery always clashed with some important meetings in Rome or back home in India. However, I represented the Dicastery at its Asian Meeting in Bangkok.

6. As Bishop of Agra for six years, what were the challenges you faced in North India?

I was new to Agra and new to being an independent Archbishop. I was apprehensive because when I went to Agra it was my first visit to the place and I did not know any priest or religious there,  nor had any idea of the pastoral challenges of the place. Would I be accepted in Agra or treated as an outsider? I had six very joyful years there. My priority was to establish good relations with the civic officials and the local people. There had been a bit of violence against Christians just before I went there and Archbishop Vincent Concessao, my predecessor, had a challenging time. Things gradually improved. Since Agra was a small Archdiocese, I had the possibility of trying new pastoral methods and putting systems in place. The Clergy was very supportive and so were the religious. We worked together with a common vision. When I was transferred from there after six years, I felt I should have stayed there a couple of years more to consolidate what I began.

7. As Archbishop of Bombay what are your chief joys and challenges?

Bombay is a very established Archdiocese with all required structures in place, its set traditions mainly because of my very illustrious predecessors, Cardinal Valerian Gracias, Cardinal Simon Pimenta and Cardinal Ivan Dias. Each made his unique contribution to the growth of this Archdiocese. My comment on my first visit to the Seminary when I returned to Mumbai after six years in Agra was that it was too much an inward-looking Church. However, because of its long tradition it was difficult to change much. It is a big Archdiocese and I feel we should help the smaller churches more. CCBI’s “Communio” was born out of this desire. On the other hand, I regret that because of my many national and international commitments I was not able to concentrate sufficiently on the Archdiocese. I had, of course, good auxiliary bishops, competent and able to replace me in my absence. But I wish I did concentrate more on the Archdiocese.

8. What would you say you have gained and learnt through your interactions at the international level?

I met the Holy Father often and I am very inspired by him. The more I work with him, the more I understand his deep spirituality and his vision of the Church. I enjoyed very much my interaction with my brother Cardinals: in particular the camaraderie, commonality of vision, desire to work for the Church and loyalty to the successor of St. Peter. It has also helped me to grow spiritually. I realize more and more it is the Lord’s Church which works so well in spite of our human frailty.

9. What difference do you think synodality has made in the functioning of the Archdiocese in Bombay?

Synodality is work in progress. We had very successful preparatory meetings in the Archdiocese guided mainly by my Auxiliary, Bishop Allwyn D’Silva to whom I had delegated this responsibility. We will surely make greater progress in Synodality and have greater clarity as we go ahead. The Roman Synod in October 2023 endorsed what was done and gave us encouragement to continue. We will use the year ahead to have more programmes so that we get as many involved in the church as possible. I am hopeful and even excited about this.

10. The church is today functioning in a hostile environment in India. What would you advise your flock to do in the face of so much violence and victimization?

I would not exaggerate the challenges. One must have faith, hope and trust in the Lord. The Lord has risen indeed! We must adapt all our Church policies according to local circumstances. There is so much we can do for the spread of God’s Kingdom. My advice is: Deepen in your holiness. Trust in the Lord. And continue to do your good work. Never get discouraged!

11. Do you have any Christmas message for the Religious of India?

Christmas is a time for rebirth and recommitment, a joyful time. Since I am writing for the Magnet, I must have a message to the Religious. I wish the Religious in India and the Bishops worked more in deeper collaboration. I have been a bishop for a fairly long time. Collaboration was a challenge for us twenty-five years ago and remains a challenge even today. As President of the Episcopal Conference, I could have worked more for this. We are one Church. The Religious are doing such marvellous work with great dedication. Our bishops are committed and self-sacrificing. I know how good they are and how much they do. What a great impact it would make on the lives of many if we worked more in coordination. This is the challenge for both of us, the CBCI and CRI.

12. Is there anything you would like to add?

Magnet is a good means for spreading the Good News and it could be a good instrument for ongoing formation of the religious. I have always found the articles informative, educational, and helpful for the apostolate. I thank the CRI and the Editorial team for all that they have done. God bless you. Do continue your good work!

Cardinal Gracias Speaks

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Creation is a precious gift, and each of us has the duty to cherish and protect it. Fr. Luke Rodrigues, a Jesuit, embraced this idea wholeheartedly, devoting his life to serving both God and people. In this insightful interview with Janina Gomes, we delve into Fr. Luke’s deep connection with Ignatian spirituality and his profound love for the natural world.

1. Tell us something about your early years and how you felt called to be a Jesuit.

In the 1970s and 80s, social life centered around the Church and we were in close contact with different priests in the school and parish.   Our parish and school were run by the Jesuits and many of us grew to admire and respect them.  Their example fueled in me the desire to imitate their way of life and this gradually led me to enter the Society of Jesus.  Having said that, it must be mentioned that both my brothers (Fr Savio and Bishop John) joined the Diocesan Clergy!  God works in strange ways indeed.

2. From the very start you were already engaged with environmental issues, teaching Environmental Education as a Teacher Educator. How did you learn to invest so much of your time in ecological issues?

The Bandra that we grew up in still had a number of fields, ponds and open areas.  Climbing trees, plucking fruit, catching fish and doing some gardening – all of these were an integral part of our childhood and youth. This love for nature has shaped my inner being and I always feel a deep urge to pass on this passion to others.  With the disappearance of the familiar fields and ponds, I felt a greater urgency to be involved in caring for creation.   Nature has been a precious part of my life and it would be a crying shame if youth/children are deprived of this gift.

3. As a teacher educator you combined theory with practice, taking teacher trainees for rural camps and nature treks. Did those trips help your students become more interested in ecological issues?

It would be hard to quantify the impact in terms of numbers and intensity. What I know for sure is that the students enjoyed the treks and were delighted to spend time in nature.  I would emphasize the sacredness of creation and invite them to explore how they could experience God in nature.  I am not in touch with many of the students now but the few who have met me always recall those experiences and mention how they still enjoy being in nature.  It is my belief that we need to first fall in love with nature and then we will surely do all that is necessary to protect her.  The purpose of those treks was to help students be gripped by the wonder and mystery of creation.  Hopefully, this has been achieved to some extent.

4. As a Jesuit, one of your fortes has been teaching Ignatian Spirituality to the Laity, first in Byculla for 5 years and then in Rome for 7 years. How relevant is Ignatian Spirituality to the modern world?

The chief characteristic of Ignatian Spirituality is its emphasis on ‘Finding God in all things’.  It affirms that the Divine Presence is everywhere and we can experience this presence at all times and in all situations.  This is a spirituality of daily life and is therefore relevant at all times, but particularly now when we seem to have lost a sense of the Sacred.  Discernment, another key feature of Ignatian Spirituality, is the spiritual art of choosing whatever leads me closer to God.  This is extremely helpful today when we are faced with multiple options and need guidance to make the right choices.

5. You have consistently offered Eco recollections and Eco retreats over the years. To whom were these retreats given and did the participants gain a deeper understanding of the connection between Christian faith and ecology?

Retreats of six and seven days have been offered mainly to priests and religious.  Many lay persons have participated in three-day eco retreats and still more in half-day recollections.  Several of these participants have kept in touch and mention how some specific input or prayer exercise has changed their perspective or behavior.  Praying with nature has become a part of their prayer life.  Yes, I do believe that many of them have come to a personal realization that caring for creation is an integral part of our Christian faith.

6. You were also Assistant to the Jesuit Provincial for 4 years. Did you have a role to play in the formation of Jesuits too?

Prior to this role, I had a stint as Province Coordinator for Formation. It was a privilege to accompany our young men as they journey through Religious Life.  I have also been taking classes for our Juniors in Homiletics, World History and Eco Spirituality and have offered spiritual direction for a few of them.   It’s good to be in touch with those in formation. It helps us stay young and we learn so much from them!

7. Your present assignment is to head the Archdiocesan Office for Environment ( AOE). You said you are striving to make Mumbai a Laudato Si diocese.

Well, we are a whole team working towards this goal and much credit goes to Bishop Allwyn D’Silva who has spearheaded the ecological efforts in the Archdiocese (and across the country as well).  In 2018, Cardinal Oswald Gracias issued a call to make Mumbai a Green Diocese and entrusted this to Bishop Allwyn and the AOE.   Later, the Vatican launched a seven-year plan called the Laudato Si’ Action Platform and we have become active participants of this program since 2022.  This platform invites us to work on Seven Different Goals, all related to Integral Ecology.  These goals are achieved through a number of activities such as promoting renewable energy, waste management, water harvesting, educational sessions, eco prayer services, upholding the rights of the poor, lobbying with government authorities, adopting a simple lifestyle, etc.

8. You say your goal is to build up model green parishes, one per deanery and that they in turn would animate other parishes in the deanery. Is this an achievable goal?

Yes, it is an achievable goal, but it involves a lot of planning and commitment.  We took the parish as our unit for engagement and realized that it would have been unrealistic to try and reach all parishes in the Archdiocese.  Hence, we selected one parish per Deanery and worked with the teams there.  For this academic year, we have selected a second parish from each Deanery and will now engage with the Eco Cells of these parishes.  In this way, we hope to create a critical mass of interested parishioners who can take forward this mission at the parish and deanery levels.  Different parishes will show varying degrees of competence and commitment, and we do not want them to be competing with each other to see who is doing a better job.  Our desire is that parishes set their own markers for growth, examining where they are now and where they would like to be after three years and then seven years.

9. You train eco ambassadors. What role do these eco ambassadors play?

The AOE organizes a Certificate Course for Eco Ambassadors – the fifth batch will start this October.  Participants receive a theoretical framework about ecological issues and become familiar with the Church’s teachings in this area.  They also work on implementing a practical project in their parish or housing society and are encouraged to link up with active NGOs in their locality.  These Eco Ambassadors are expected to initiate and sustain some activities related to Laudato Si’s goals.  I am glad to note that several of our Ambassadors have taken the lead in setting up or re-vitalizing Care for Creation groups in their parishes.  They continue to engage with the AOE and even keep pushing us to expand our services!

10. Is there anything else you would like to add?

Care for Creation is today no longer optional for a Christian but is rather an integral part of living out our faith commitment.  The Lord who has given us the gift of Creation also invites us to be faithful stewards of this gift.  May the Holy Spirit continue to inspire many young men and women to commit themselves fully to the ecological mission of the Church.

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During his conversation with Ms. Janina Gomes, Fr. Sebastian Michael, SVD shares how Phule’s visionary movement, focused on equality, fraternity, and justice, deeply resonated with him. Being a Christian, he holds dear the belief that we are all created in the image and likeness of God. This conviction fuels his unwavering commitment to truth-seeking and drives his wholehearted dedication to fostering unity in our divided society. Inspired by his own principles, Fr. Michael actively works to bridge gaps and connect different segments of our fractured community.

Tell us something about your early years and how you felt called to serve the Lord as a priest.

I was born in a very good Catholic family. My father was a very devoted person who took me to Church every morning for Holy Mass. The Catholic village background also played an important role in my priestly vocation.

What attracted you to the SVD congregation?

With the encouragement from my family, after my school education I applied to two seminaries; one was to become a diocesan priest and the other was to SVD seminary. The first interview call came from the SVD seminary. Thus, I can say, by Providence I became an SVD.

You have had a brilliant academic career. How did this influence you in your priestly duties?

After completing my Ph.D. in Anthropology/Sociology I was appointed to the Institute of Indian Culture: A Post-Graduate Research Centre in Society, Culture and Religion. This research centre is run by the Society of the Divine Word (SVD). I had a golden opportunity to be with an Internationally reputed anthropologist Rev. Fr. Dr. Stephen Fuchs SVD. He himself was a student of Prof. Fr. Wilhelm Schmidt SVD, the founder of Cultural Historical School of Anthropology, Vienna University. The holy and dedicated life of Dr. Stephen Fuchs SVD influenced me to be dedicated academically as well to be dedicated as a Catholic priest in the Society of the Divine Word. I never compromised either. I am trying my best to be true to both the vocations. I am enjoying my priesthood as well as my scholarly academic life. I work at both the secular as well as Church institutions. I was professor of cultural anthropology at the University of Mumbai and I am also the Secretary to the Bombay Archdiocesan Commission for Inter-Religious Dialogue. I am a consultant to the Pontifical Council for Culture and Inter-Religious Dialogue at the Vatican as well.

You are presently Director of the Institute of Indian Culture , was a Director of Ishwani Kendra, a Missiological Research Institute, Professor of Cultural Anthropology in Mumbai University and now Emeritus Professor and Adjunct Faculty of Cultural Anthropology at the University of Mumbai. You have enriched the church with your many postings. Tell us more about your research and teaching experiences.

As an anthropologist and an academician, I do my research with full dedication without compromising my Christian faith. I present all the theoretical positions of different schools of thought and I also critique them with the view that the students/readers must make up their own mind to evaluate the theories to find a way for themselves. I am of the view that truth can never be put aside; and this truth will be common for all disciplines. Hence, from whichever way we may approach a reality, either from theology, psychology, sociology, anthropology or history, we will arrive at the truth, if not fully but leading to it. From my forty years of research, I am convinced the truth of Christianity founded on the historical events of Jesus’ life, his death and resurrection.  Therefore, I try to reach the truth of Christianity from my anthropological/sociological disciplines. In the post-modern world, there is so much relativistic thinking, my search for truth leads me to understand that Jesus’ Resurrection is a historical event which is not a myth, nor a fiction, nor an imagination. So, when I am at the secular academic institutions, I want to be the best, second to none, in my anthropological research and teaching. When I am at the Christian institutions, I bring my research insights to animate and convince the truth of Christianity in my lectures, workshops and publications. I do not find any conflict in this.

You have written several books and one a best seller of Sage Publications on Dalits in Modern India, which has been translated into several languages. Tell us more about this book.

The origin of this book is closely related to the 1992 December riots in Mumbai. If we recall, on December 6, 1992, the Babri Masjid was destroyed by Hindu nationalists. There was a violent communal riot in Mumbai and in many parts of India. Thousands of people died during this riot.  One of the often-repeated slogans was “Bahale Kasayi bath me Isyahi” i.e. “First, the Muslims, after the Christians.”  Being a student of sociology/anthropology, I felt this cannot happen in India. By all means we need to halt this tendency. From my academic expertise on “Social Movements” I understood that the majority of Indias are Sudras, Dalits and tribals. I was very much inspired by Mahatma  Jyotirao Govindrao Phule (11 April 1827 – 28 November 1890), who was the Father of Indian Social Revolution and founder of the “Satya shodak Samaj” (Society of Truth Seekers) in 1873. His vision of India was to build modern India on the basis of equality, fraternity and social justice. For this, he gave a call to unite the Sudras, Dalits, Tribals and other marginalized communities. He pointed out that they are the majority of India. One of the calculations states that Brahmins of India are about 6%; other upper castes (Kshatriya & Vaisya) about 14% ; Sudras are about 52 %; Dalits are about 16% and tribals are about 8%. If the oppressed sections of India unite together we can build a just society in India. This vision of Jyotirao Phule inspired Ambedkar and he said I have come to fulfill the vision of Jyotirao Phule.

The book you are mentioning is based on this vision of Jyotirao Phule to build a just and humane society in India. This idea is very dear to my heart because as a Christian I believe that we are created in the image and likeness of God. We have the God given dignity which cannot be taken away by anybody or by anything else like sickness, height, colour or wealth. So, our mission is to destroy caste social order and build a just and humane society which our present Constitution assures. My book on “Dalits in Modern India: Vision and Values” envisages this. The book became the best seller of Sage publication in 2000 and was translated in several languages.

Among the many books you have written you published the book ‘Dalits Encounter with Christianity ( 2010). What is the scope of this work and share with us some of your insights on the subject.

As I said earlier, the foundation of Christianity is that God created human beings in His own image and likeness. Therefore, every human being has dignity, worth and value. Due to human sin, this dignity is tarnished and Jesus’ Incarnation is to restore this lost dignity. In the Hindu social system, there is a religious sanction for the caste discrimination and the Dalits are the worst affected persons whose dignity, worth and value are undermined. In this context, the Christian vision of dignity of every person is very important for the transformation of the Dalits. That is why many Dalits joined Christianity. Unfortunately, Christians themselves are affected by the caste system in India. This is a scandal. But there is no Christian scriptural sanction for this discrimination. Therefore, Christianity has the potential to bring dignity and worth to the Dalits of India.

You are presently Secretary of the Bombay Archdiocesan Commission for Inter-Religious Dialogue. What initiatives have you taken recently to promote dialogue and religious harmony?

There are several activities going on in the Archdiocese of Bombay to promote Inter-Religious dialogue and peace building. I may state a few of them here:

1. There are many parishes in Mumbai that have a cell to promote inter-religious dialogue. They map the religious places like temple, mosque, gurudwara etc. in the territory of their parishes. They also have the contact persons of these places and their mobile numbers for any important contacts. These religious leaders are invited for common celebrations of the national and religious festivals.
2. The Archdiocesan Commission for Inter-Religious Dialogue contacts an annual training programme known as “BIRD” (Basics in Inter-Religious Dialogue) for the laity from the parishes and schools. They are given basic knowledge about different religions and prepare them for inter-religious dialogue in their respective parishes and schools.
3. We also publish a Newsletter known as “Sammelan: Building Bridges” to animate our parishes and Schools to engage in dialogue.
4. On every Mission Sunday we have an “Alumnae Day” for our past and present BIRD candidates to animate them in their inter-religious activities.
5. We have an Annual All Religions Christmas Celebration” when the Cardinal His Eminence Oswald Gracious invites the most influential religious leaders of Mumbai. That is a time for him to interact with different religious leaders promoting peace and harmony.

You are also Consultor for the Pontifical Council for Culture and Inter-Religious Dialogue. What areas are you covering and how can we promote this dialogue?

I participate in the Plenary Meetings promoting peace and harmony.

Fr Sebastian Michael SVD

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In this conversation with Janina Gomes, Mrs. Rita Luther shares how her journey within Catholic institutions not only shaped her character into one of resilience but also empowered her to actively contribute to righteous and just causes. She firmly believes that her experiences within these institutions were instrumental in nurturing her sense of purpose and driving her commitment to making a positive difference in the world.

1. Your early education was in a Catholic school in Jamshedpur. What values do you think you picked up there?

I believe that who we become in our adult lives is the result of the seeds sown when we are children. As such, I am who my school and my home taught me to be, both specifically and spontaneously. Sacred Heart, where I was blessed to study right through my school days, gave me security, a strong sense of values and fair play, an all-round education and much joy!

2. You worked in Xavier Labour Relations Institute (XLRI) in Jamshedpur. Considering you were then still in your formative years, how did that equip you for life?

I worked in the Research Department of XLRI for two years. I was hired for secretarial and administrative work; however, my seniors, American Jesuit priests, didn’t hesitate to use my skills in areas where I could be put to better use. As a result, I soon started editing and proofreading Fr. McGrath’s labour law journals, Fr. Dawson’s book as well, even transcribing important interviews. I was treated with respect, age no bar! (I was 22 then.)

3. How would you sum up your learning at XLRI?

Working at XLRI was a happy time for me. I was earning (it was my first job) and learning at the same time, a double whammy! Constant work-related learning, positive attitudes, and a great work environment, all have served me in good stead for later.

I learnt that one could work hard and really well when the work environment was conducive to its being so; I learnt that I could deal with stress simply by going to the root cause and asking for help where needed, that small differences existed but were not important in the larger scheme of things in life.  I also learnt that fun and laughter didn’t mean one wasn’t serious, but rather that the lightness they brought to life was something like baking powder to a cake, improving the final result of things!

4. What is the general impression you have of Christians and Christianity?

Christians and Christianity were not distinct nor different in my book when I was growing up; nor are they now. Ours was a peace-loving school where the religion of principles, discipline and excellence was taught. We studied Moral Science as a subject in school, our Catholic friends studied Catechism. We visited the school chapel of our own accord, not forced and never disallowed. All respect also to my grandparents who, even being Arya Samaj Hindus, taught us that the focus needed to be on inherent goodness, fair play and integrity, rather than on outward differences.

Where I lived, our neighbours were from different communities – Bengali, Tamilian, Goan, Punjabi; different religions – Christian, Sikh, Muslim, Hindu, Jewish and I can’t even remember how many others. We were there for one another, and while we had our own religious beliefs, they neither affected our relationships nor our friendships.

I find it sad that we compartmentalise our preferences, likes and dislikes now on the basis of religion. Humans are not made that way – that one kind is good, another evil, yet another cruel, etc. It’s the qualities we need to identify and correct.

5. You have worked for the corporate world for over 30 years, in leading positions of responsibility. In what way have you contributed to making the corporate world more humane?

My contribution is not even a tiny drop in the ocean; however, there is a thread of goodness and ethics woven into what we teach and the way we, as trainers, behave and train. Making ‘being humane’ a way of life is more how I would put it.

6. You also have vast teaching experience. How much did you and your students gain from your teaching experience, in the American Embassy school in New Delhi and as headmistress of the De Nobili Hostel School run by the American Jesuits in Dhanbad, Jharkhand?

It’s been decades since both of the above took place, but I still treasure the happy feedback and many testimonials received, most often relating to excellence of work, and the qualities of creativity and fun.

At the American Embassy School, for instance, when I wanted to resign because I needed to be home when my daughters came back from school in the afternoons, the Principal asked if I could consider working half days. I gladly agreed and he was glad too, saying that the students needed me for the balance of good study and ethical well-being that I provided them. This was a powerful comment because the very same person had reservations about hiring someone non-American (when I was interviewed for the position), saying then that they needed someone with a strong sense of American values and culture.

De Nobili Hostel School was set up for Catholic children from homes with difficulties of some kind; a fully-fledged school with Matriculation and ICSE options. When the Jesuit head moved, the selection committee, from a candidate panel of three, selected me to take over. While I was honoured to be considered for the post, I put across my concerns regarding working on weekends and school holidays (having little children of my own), but the Jesuits were considerate, very sure I was the right person for the job! The school kids grew as all-rounders (they were already very talented), realised that study was important too, and learnt that they had the support of a headmistress who would fight for their rights.

On my part, I learnt that even as a woman, it was okay to fight, as long as the cause was right and the means used, acceptable! This was a huge learning experience.

7. Describe in a few words your spiritual journey from when you were born till today.

I’m glad the word you use is ‘spiritual’ because that’s really what I am, not too overtly religious. I was born an Arya Samaj Hindu, studied in a Catholic school, married a Christian, and worked in Catholic institutions of repute in various positions. Very happily, I might add! (In fact, an American boss of mine, a Jesuit priest, sometimes jokingly referred to me as ‘half a priest’!)

I am open to receiving learning from all faiths, respect all religions and spiritual ways of life – qualities that allow me to absorb goodness freely.

8. You now head a team of trainers for training the corporate world. Do you also teach moral values and ethical conduct to your clients?

We run a training company where organisations ask for training on subjects that their employees need; when asked, we train corporate houses on ethics and on adhering to codes of right conduct. Our behaviour – the way we professionally conduct ourselves in our interactions and various assignments – is the value-based training we do.

9. What would you tell businesspersons about what is most important for the corporate world today?

Work for organisations where you respect, or at least agree with company values. In the long term, one cannot be at peace working where one may be asked to do what one feels is wrong or unfair. Money and material success is good, undoubtedly, but it isn’t everything and doesn’t beat peace of mind!

10. Do you think the work done by Christian institutions for the people is sufficiently recognised in India today?

No, it isn’t, definitely not enough, anyway. We’re all quick to lap up the accolades showered upon us for the way we speak, carry ourselves, work and behave, without consciously realising and acknowledging that our academic backgrounds were actually our take-off points towards that success.

11. In your opinion, what can the Church do to better serve the needs of a changing world?

Nobody, and definitely not I, can even dare have an opinion on the sacred Church, or any other religion, for that matter. Having said that, I would like to add that religions (like parents), need to grow with the changing times, not to go against their principles, but to bring in flexibility, where it is at all possible. This will benefit followers and religious authorities alike.

12. Is there anything else you would like to add?

‘To thine own self be true’

This learning has come to me late in life – and I’m still learning! Earlier I would worry about what others thought, how I appeared to others, even how I looked. It’s so much easier and definitely more worthwhile to work towards being the best that God wants me to be and live life a day at a time.

  Mrs Rita Luther Speaks
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FR JULIAN SALDANHA SJ  IN CONVERSATION WITH JANINA GOMES

1. Tell us something about your early upbringing and  call to join the Jesuits

In my family, besides my parents, I had an elder brother and elder sister. Ours was, I would say, a religious family. Apart from the daily Rosary I think it was marked by a spirit of honesty and charity. Since the church was close by, it is not surprising that my brother and I were also altar servers there. Both of us studied in St Xavier’s School run by the Jesuits; so it is not surprising that I joined them. I was particularly attracted by a little booklet which described the Jesuit way of life and formation.

2. You are a very gifted person with a Licentiate in Philosophy and doctorate in theology, You also have the help of many language skills, such as Greek, Latin, French, German and Marathi. How have these language skills helped you in your teaching apostolate?

The new testament was written in Greek; most of the church documents, including those of Vatican II, are in Latin. To date, important documents continue to be published in Latin. It is plain how necessary it is to know Latin if one wants to interpret these documents correctly. Quite a number of important theological writings are available only in French or German. Marathi is necessary, to be rooted in the local culture and context.

3. You have taught at the St. Pius X seminary for 47 year. What have you and your students gained from this long academic journey with them?

Teaching has enriched my own faith and challenged me to present it in a meaningful manner to others, especially since I have taught about a dozen courses over the decades. I hope it has done the same for my students. Questions which the students ask have been helpful. So I keep updating my courses. Interestingly my students are particularly grateful for the course in public speaking which I still conduct here.

4. Apart from teaching, you have also taken on other responsibilities in the past as a novice master and Provincial. What did you feel were the most tested qualities you had to imbibe in training young Jesuits?

I think the most tested quality I had to imbibe,in training young Jesuits and Seminarians, was listening and sensitivity; also availability and updating myself in developments in psychology. This I felt especially as a spiritual director here for about 20 years.

5. You have contributed to interdenominational dialogue by being founding member and also Past President of the Ecumenical Fellowship of Indian Missionaries. What impact did your contribution make to Christian unity?

I think my regular participation in the ecumenical “Fellowship of Indian Missiologists” (FOIM) has contributed to a better mutual understanding among the members. All of us realize that we face very similar situations/problems and that we share similar thinking regarding missionary activity. I recall the exhortation of Vatican II to Catholics regarding other Christians: “Let them work together especially for the sake of Christ their Lord” (Ad Gentes, 15).

6. You also started an inter-religious group of citizens for civic issues, which functioned in Goregaon, Mumbai for 25 years. What did this group achieve over this long period of time, and is it still in action?

We adopted the name “Manavta” which one of our first members suggested. About 50 issues were taken up, of which about half were successfully resolved. For example: prohibition of sale of ‘gutka’ on railway stations, provision of lavatory outside Goregaon station east, shifting of cattle market, banning motorcycles on station-Subway Road, provision of public gymnasium. The Western Railway also consulted us once regarding a new colour scheme for their rakes.

7. You have been engaged in giving retreats for religious, priests and seminarians all over India. You also said that you once travelled on the roof of a metre gauge train for 8 hours to reach your destination in time for a retreat. This shows your zeal to spread the good word and strengthen Christians at the grass roots. Tell us something about this ministry.

The retreat is meant to provide the retreatants with food for thought and thought for prayer. However I realised that it is more important to share oneself than to provide beautiful or clever thoughts. The Messenger should as far as possible be the message !

8. You have written 8 books, edited two books and written about 150 articles, plus book reviews on theological subjects and also in dictionaries and encylopaedias. Clearly your scholarly contribution to the Church must be lauded. Tell us about some of the themes you wrote on?

My writings have been mostly in the area of my specialization: Missiology or Mission. But I do also have writings on topics which I have been handling in my teaching here in St. Pius College, e.g. the Holy Trinity, Church, the ‘Last Things’ (eschatology). My latest book, Exploring Frontiers (2016) gives some idea of the diversity of topics I have discussed in my writings.

9. You also have to your credit the direction of 3 doctoral theses and being first reader for another 3 doctoral theses. No wonder you are an Associate Professor in JnanaDeepa. You have thus been engaged in strengthening the foundations of the church of the future. How do you rate your contribution in this sphere of scholarship.

My contribution in the sphere of scholarship has been like a drop in the ocean. After all, the church is like a vast family of Christ spread over all continents. Here in India we have quite a large pool of Scholars in philosophy and theology. Although to date no one has articulated the fruit of all this research in a single “Summa Theologiae Indicae”, together our scholars in India can make a very valuable contribution to the Church in India, Asia and even the world.

10. That you are still retained as teaching staff in Goregaon seminary despite your age, shows how much you are valued by the hierarchy. Sum up your 47 years contribution to the formation of young people studying to be priests.

I have always viewed my work here as having a multiplying effect. Namely, through the priests (& bishops), I touch the lives of the innumerable people they minister to. It is fulfilling to know, that in this way I have responded to the Lord’s injunction: “Feed my sheep” (Jn21:15 ff.). And my students are well placed to know whether the Messenger was also the message ?

11. Is there anything else you would like to add?

Like the proverbial old soldier, it is time to ‘fade away’:

 “For all that has been ‘thanks’; for all that will be,‘Amen’” (Dag Hammarskjold)

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In this exclusive interview with Janina Gomes, we delve into the world of Fr. Mathew Adukanil SDB —an accomplished educationist, writer, and visionary. Through this conversation, we gain valuable insights into his unique approach to literature and his profound perspectives on life. Prepare to embark on a journey that unveils the depth of his wisdom and the richness of his experiences.

1. Tell us something about yourself and your family.
I hail from a Syrian Catholic Family of 11 siblings, eight brothers and three sisters. I learnt the Christian tradition of hospitality from my parents and the discipline of punctuality
early in my life, from my father. I was the first one to leave my home in Kerala. Others followed suit in due course, seeking jobs abroad. At one time we were six siblings living abroad. Now two more brothers, Dominic and Jose, are settled in London with their families.

2. What attracted you to the Salesian order and how did you first receive the call to be a priest?

I became a candidate at the age of 13, knowing nothing about Don Bosco. A young missionary neighbour, Fr. Matthew Mullanmadackel who had studied in our Poonamalee Seminary, Chennai, made this choice of a great missionary congregation for me. I visited his home often and his mother lavished on me her generous hospitality.
My parents wished and prayed daily at night prayers that I should become a priest. My mother would take me along with her when she visited families of priest friends, with gifts of home-made paani ( a honey like condensed drink).
When I was at home I had so many chores to do, but as a candidate, games and music were part of the attractive routine for me. I have kept up this love for games even in later years and I have found that it is an appealing way of bonding with the youth.

3. You have a rare combination of a B.A. in Economics, a B.Ed, M.A. and M. Phil in English, two years of Philosophy and a semester course in Religious Studies in Rome. How do you integrate this variety of disciplines?

All these various disciplines deal with various aspects of life, and give us an experience of living on a variety of campuses and cultures. Literature as a reflection or a prism of life gives us valuable insights into human life. Our cultural background interacts creatively with our reflective powers.
Our life is a free flowing stream, which is enriched by the different soils and terrains it runs through, giving us a richer experience of life.

4. You have been Principal of Don Bosco schools, St .Bede’s Anglo -Indian School and a Professor in Don Bosco colleges. What experiences have you had as Principal ? What do you think are the main qualities required of Principals these days?
If you have a deep interest in your students and their holistic welfare, they will value you. Discipline and regularity are irksome to them when they are teenagers . The roots of education are bitter,but the fruits turn sweet in later life, as alumni happily acknowledge when they meet you years later. The staff also need systematic, caring and supportive follow-up.
A Principal must deal with problematic students in a personally caring manner. They must not be viewed as troublemakers. Often they suffer from broken families and irresponsible parents.
The weekly hour for spontaneous CCA or Co-curricular Activities is a great boon for students in exploring their talents and building up their self-confidence. Future innovative leaders emerge from such activities.
5. You have taught English Literature for 7 years in Don Bosco College of Arts and Science in Dharmapuri. How important do you think is it to still be educated in English?
Critical thinking, whether in English or one’s mother tongue is the crux of education. Students must learn to express their ideas and views in a spontaneous and fluent manner.
It is not necessary to have the English medium at the primary level. This is promoted mostly for social prestige, and creates among affluent students, a snobbish attitude. Learning in the English medium from middle school is more than sufficient. Teaching selections from literature is a must for wholesome human formation. This will introduce them to great minds and noble thoughts.
6. You have been the main organizer of the State Level Intercollegiate Literary Festival called the ‘DB Muse’ in, Dharmapuri college , Tamil Nadu for 5 years. What sort of literature was showcased at this festival and in which languages?
We have focused on activities that engage students actively like elocution, literary quiz, Shakespeare skit competition etc., rather than on mere paper presentations. The latter is often a rehash of ill-digested materials taken down from the net and keeps the audience passive.
At such gatherings there must be a motivational and inspirational talk by a distinguished speaker. This will set the tone for the day. Thereafter the student-centred activities should take over.
On such occasions, inaugural rituals should be minimal and should not eat into precious seminar time. Being an activity aimed at the promotion of the English language, all competitions were held in English.
7. You were Director of Library in colleges at Tirupattur and Dharmapuri in the early nineties. How important is it to have well stocked and equipped libraries for students today?
Libraries have evolved over the years from the primarily print medium to ‘cibrary’ and digital media. A library is something basic to learning. The regular users of the library need to be recognized and awarded nowadays. No number of science or other labs can replace the library. Corrective measures need to be taken to remedy the deteriorating reading habit. Students should read widely outside their subjects. The pull of the visual media is a threat to the reading culture.
8. You have authored 10 books among which are, ‘You can Master English’, ‘Runaway to Success’ and poems in ‘Drinking Deep at the Divine Springs.’ You have also authored many New Leader books. What has made you so prolific ?

I owe my literary productivity to my early English mentors, Fr. Joseph Deane SDB in school days and Fr. Joseph Murphy SDB and other foreign professors in college who were an inspiration to me. In particular I am indebted to my ELT Prof. Dr. V. Saraswathy who challenged me to take up serious writing.
I thoroughly enjoyed my PG studies in English in Kollam and fell in love with literature. Doing my M. Phil studies as a regular student at the Madras University, gave me great literary exposure.My habit of reading the newspapers daily started from home and the habit of quiet reflection and regular discipline of prayer has helped me a lot.
I must record my gratitude to the former New Leader editor Fr. Joe Antony SJ ,who allowed me to experiment with penning poems for the magazine. The present editor Fr. Antony Pancras also has patronized many poems and articles of mine. Currently I am penning short reflections on Shakespeare quotes known as ‘Shakespeare Pearls.’ I have also written about five feature articles in the New Leader magazine. For a couple of years the Salesian Bulletin also featured my poems. Among my books, three are collections of my poems.
9. You have written humorous and topical articles for the Hindu and the New Indian Express. How important do you think is it to have a Christian presence in the secular media?

My topics have been mostly secular, but when written by a religious educationist they open up new perspectives to the reader. Humour cuts across all religions and cultures as it is part of basic humanity. These articles have a light streak of social satire like in ‘ Selfies and the Ruling Self-Obsession ‘ , ‘Faith is Alive’ ‘ Democracy at Railway Level Crossings’ etc. My book ‘ A Mirror to Our Times’ published by the New Leader Publications, Chennai contains my social criticism.

10. You also have a You tube channel with 120 videos and 700 subscribers which you started after the Covid Pandemic in 2020. What did you hope to achieve by starting this channel?

I could not take online classes in English for my students at college. So I changed over to amateur YouTube videos for which I do the script, shooting and editing myself. This enables me to reach out to a modest, wider audience on cyber space and I also post videos on youth topics like addictions, religion, anger management etc. This channel gives scope for cautioning against many common English errors in English usage.

11. What was the impact of the pastoral and educational ministry you did for some 5 years in the Philippines and give us some highlights of the World Youth Day of 1995 in Manila.
My youth ministry kicked off in the Southern Philippines with the World Youth Day in Manila in January 1995 where I led a group of some 35 boys and girls from the southern city of Dumaguete. It was a memorable overnight trip by a ship named Donna Virginia. So many students were eager to join the trip and we had to restrict entries and prepare them for the event with spiritual and social sessions. Filipinos excel at dance and action songs. We reached the venue, claimed our territory and set up camp many hours ahead of the lively youth session and holy mass with St. Pope John Paul II. Spiritual adrenaline ran high in the nearly hysteric youth, as they chanted lustily from time to time the slogan, ‘ We love you, John Paul II ’during his interactive session with them. The World Youth Day anthem ‘ Shine Jesus, Shine’ electrified the ecstatic youth and the memorable melody of ‘ God So Loved the World’ was so moving. The celebration was a public holiday in the Philippines.
Though I had a pass to join the concelebrated holy mass I could not penetrate the 2 million strong dense crowd and reach the altar. Owing to this massive crowd the Pope himself arrived by helicopter at the venue.
I was campus minister in St. Louis DB School, organizing the teaching of Catechism, conducting school recollections in a beach side retreat house made of bamboo overlooking the Dumaguete harbour. During school hours I used to go to high schools around Victoria city, with a team of catechists in the sugarcane island of Negros Occidental, through slippery dirt tracks and conduct Mass and hear confessions. Some in senior high school were making only their second confession after their first communion. They were so overjoyed that a priest came to the school to hear their confessions. In remote hilly villages the people have improvised their own horse -driven carts on abandoned sugarcane company rail tracks. We had also a group of bright high school Seniors, known as Young Volunteer Catechists, who taught catechism to primary school children in the neigbourhood. It was a very rewarding and enriching pastoral ministry for me.

Fr. Matthew Adukanil SDB Speaks

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Bishop Barthol Barretto, Auxiliary Bishop of Bombay, in this interview with Janina Gomes, speaks to us about the work of the Small Christian Communities, Clusters and Small Human Communities in the Archdiocese as they strive to fulfil the mandate ‘No one in want’.

1. How long does your association with SCC’s go back ?

I have been the bishop in charge of SCCs in the Archdiocese of Bombay since June 2017.

My interest in SCCs began in 1984 when, as a seminarian, I was part of the team of seminarians in a pioneering project at St Thomas Church, Goregaon (East) under the guidance of our Rector, (then) Fr Bosco Penha. In the course of my visits in Shreyas Colony, Goregaon (East), I experienced how the people reached out to those in need. For example, when a family could not meet the tuition fees of their children, a volunteer came forward from the community to teach the children free of cost. I understood that what we celebrate at the altar in the Church must be translated into our SCCs. This has led me to develop an intense love for the SCCs.

2. How has the presence of SCC’s grown in the Archdiocese of Bombay?

Over the past seven years, almost 97% of our Archdiocese (leaving aside some of the parishes of Raigad Deanery in view of the lack of Catholic presence) has functional SCCs. The SCC Evaluation of 2018 expressed appreciation of SCCs and also proposed the ‘cluster methodology’ to ensure that every person is included in the community activities.

Several SCCs have worked hard to ensure that there is “no one in want” (the Archdiocesan SCC Vision statement). The vision has driven our Animators to reach out to others during the COVID pandemic, World Day of the Poor, Grandparents’ Day and Christmas and Easter seasons.

Bishop Barthol Barretto

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Bishop Allwyn D’Silva, who serves as the Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Bombay, is a passionate and experienced environmentalist who has been actively involved in the field for more than two decades. He was quick to respond to Pope Francis’s call to protect the planet, as outlined in Laudato Si, and his archdiocese was among the first to embrace this message. As part of his efforts to promote environmental awareness and sustainability, Bishop Allwyn launched the ‘Green Diocese’ project in Mumbai. In his interview with Janina Gomes, Bishop Allwyn expresses his strong commitment to the cause of caring for our planet and making it a shared home for all.

1. Pope Francis’ Encyclical ‘Laudato Si’ has created far reaching awareness in the Universal Church about the need to take concrete steps to stop the disastrous consequences of climate change. How has the Church in India spread this awareness amongst the faithful?

Ever since ‘Laudato Si’ was released in 2015, ecological consciousness and integral ecology are now being spoken about from the pulpit.  The Church in India has spread awareness through several homilies, sessions, workshops, and retreats based on the encyclical.  We have also prepared training material to take the message of ‘Laudato Si’ to formators and to the grassroots.  I would like to add that ‘Laudato Si’ is not simply about climate change – in fact the term climate change appears just eleven times in the entire text, but approaches the ecological crisis holistically.  Pope Francis correctly identifies that the environmental and social crises are not two distinct, but one complex problem.  That being said, I wonder how many lay faithful would have actually heard about ‘Laudato Si’, though many have taken up living more sustainably.  Thus, we in the Church continue with our awareness sessions, and are looking to deepen concrete actions.

2. What concrete steps have been taken by the Indian Church to match actions with words towards meeting its goals?

Many churches have set up parish green teams or eco-cells which take up waste segregation and manage it – including composting, sustainable living and doing away with flex and other single use plastics in a big way.  Where funds are available, we have gone in for solar energy, and rainwater harvesting where feasible.  In rural areas, Caritas India and other church associated groups have been involved in climate resilient agriculture and in sanitation projects.  Tree plantation has also been taken up.  We have had conferences and workshops at national, regional and local levels.  The bishops have demonstrated their understanding of the need for integral ecology and the urgency of caring for our common home.  The Conference of Catholic Bishops of India (CCBI) established the Commission for Ecology in 2019, and a few months ago, the Catholic Bishops Conference of India (CBCI) which comprises all three rites in India, set up an Office of Environment and Climate Change.  The Conference of Religious India (CRI) has also been heavily involved, ensuring that the religious are ably conscientised and can lead by example.

3. What was the reason for starting the Climate Change Desk in Asia?

The German funding agency MISEREOR was very keen to start awareness and action on climate change, particularly among the various Bishops’ Conferences in Asia.  I recall at that time, some fifteen years or so ago, while we were aware of climate change and its consequences, we didn’t really connect it with our faith as such, or even to the different needs of the Global South.  But MISEREOR gave us the thrust we did not know we needed at the time, and eventually the Climate Change Desk was set up as part of the Office of Human Development of the Federation of Asian Bishops’ Conferences (FABC) in 2015.

4. What steps has it taken by its activities across different countries in Asia?

All over Asia, the FABC Office of Human Development / Climate Change Desk has conducted Training of Trainers. We share ecological best practices at regional conferences and through our bulletin; we’ve had seminars for business persons in India and Thailand.  We have also looked into incorporating climate change education as part of the formation curriculum in seminaries.  I would also say, we are heavily involved in integral ecology, given that the thrust of the Office of Human Development also encompasses social issues such as migrants, justice and peace, and so on.

5. What fruits have these activities borne?

Ecological consciousness to a much larger extent than ever before.  Environmental issues were always perceived as being in the sphere of government policy and civil society action, despite caring for creation being a vital aspect of Catholic Social Teaching.  Now we are highlighting creation and eco-spirituality, and the link between our faith and caring for creation is well-established.  Many in the church hierarchy are supportive of, and are willing to take up ecological initiatives.  In so many places, the lay faithful push their parish priest to care for creation.

6. What have the challenges been from both outside and inside with coordinating so many national conferences?

Mainly the church hierarchy has competing priorities – evangelisation, faith formation and other social action issues; so ecological action may not get taken up in the necessary magnitude.  There may not be enough capacity building or adequate funding and personnel.  We also have to be careful about our adaptation needs being overshadowed by mitigation-centric approaches of the Global North.

7. What are the dreams of the Asian Church for the future?

The dream is for a just and resilient Asia – including making and being a green Church in the whole of Asia.

8. Apart from your involvement with the Asian Desk, what are the other responsibilities you have as an Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Bombay?

I am Bishop In-Charge of the Social Apostolate – Justice and Peace Commission, Archdiocesan Office for Environment, Health Commission, Labour Commission,

Bishop In-Charge of Thane, Raigad and Navi Mumbai Deaneries, Western Regional Bishops’ Council and Chairperson of the Commission for Migrants

9. Can you tell us something about how you have helped the Church in Bombay to grow?

In the Church we always speak of responding to the signs of the times. Pope Francis talks about the shepherds having the smell of the sheep, of taking the church outside to the peripheries . I would like to say that I have been doing so for more than forty years in the Archdiocese of Bombay.  I have helped set up centres for community organisation (CCOs) in various parishes; been involved in social spirituality and activism – particularly the defence of human rights; in the Prison Ministry and Justice and Peace Commission. In Uttan, I was with the people and participated in dumping ground protests.  Cardinal Gracias established the Archdiocesan Office for Environment in 2013 and appointed me the head .Now as Bishop In-Charge, I am encouraging the youth to get involved.

10. Is there anything else you would like to add?

Having adopted ‘Care for Creation’ as my motto, I wish to make the world a greener place – at least within my sphere of influence.  I am already known as a ‘green’ bishop, but much remains to be done and I continue to care for creation, however possible.

Bishop Allwyn D’Silva

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